docs(fase-17): history doc + bump version to 1.0.0-rc.0

Closes Fase 17 (v1.0 · 1/4). Bumps package.json `version` to
`1.0.0-rc.0` — picked up by apps/web/vite.config.ts's `__APP_VERSION__`
define, so the next built bundle reads it. The plain `1.0.0` tag is
reserved for the close of Fase 20 (Euskera locale) per the v1.0 plan.

Updates CLAUDE.md to mark the v1.0 cycle as in-progress (1/4 ✅) and
adds the per-fase history docs (Fase 13–17) to the documentation map.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 {
   "name": "colectivo",
   "private": true,
+  "version": "1.0.0-rc.0",
   "scripts": {
     "build": "turbo run build",
     "dev": "turbo run dev --parallel",